Jazz Music A Black Art - 2297 Words

Birsa Chatterjee Ms. Kuryllo AP English 12 Jazz Music: A Black Art in American Literature In America, the 1920s was an extremely critical time, especially for the African-Americans of the time. The Harlem Renaissance was booming. Citizens were bringing all poetry, art, and music to the next level in the roaring 20s. They call this the â€Å"Jazz Age† for a reason. Jazz music started to appear in dance venues and clubs. One such club was the famous Cotton Club. People were either enamored by it, or appalled by it. Jazz was all about movement; it was driven by syncopation and improvisation, and for some it was highly regarded as â€Å"the devil’s music. â€Å"Music, is a cultural reaction to specific environmental factors. As the new music of the 1920s, jazz utilized various elements and a new and greater sense of individual freedom and accomplishment. As the most revered, and emotionally fulfilling contemporary reaction to the world in Africa-American society, this music became parallel with the culture from which it had originated, overcoming barriers of gender and class. (Ludigkeit 6). Jazz music was created out of the black tradition of call-and-response. In the South (plantations), slaves utilized work songs to communicate with each other, maintain a working pace with their peers, and also as a type of worship. In the creation of jazz, the music was built in a similar way: a basic form was created, that followed a specific melodic structure and chord progression. Then musicians beganShow MoreRelatedJohn Altoon s Jazz Players From 19501396 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Altoon’s Jazz Players from 1950 is an oil on Masonite painting located in the Orange County Museum of Art in Newport Beach, Ca lifornia. Altoon’s piece conveys a sense of art deco style with his use of bold contour line outlining geometric shapes along with his use of strong saturated colors. Altoon’s Jazz Players reflects Modernism by exemplifying cubism as well as Harlem Renaissance art through the use of angular, geometric shapes and the depiction of the â€Å"New Negro.† John Altoon was bornRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a time of cultural endeavors of intellectual and artistic African American leaders during the 1920s. It was a manifestation of embracing poetry, literature, music, art, film, fashion and all things synonymous with creativity. It begun during the end of World War 1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American culture. African Americans tookRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance, A Cultural Movement Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesHistory Art, Music, Literature†¦Freedom. The Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 1920s and continued until the early 1930s, brought excitement and a new found freedom and voice to the African-Americans who had been silent and oppressed for far too long. â€Å"Centered on the Harlem district of New York City, the Harlem Renaissance was part of a nationwide urban revolution sparked by World War I. The cultural outburst, which followed the dramatic influx of Southern blacks into NorthernRead MoreAfrican Americans Influence On Music1229 Words   |  5 Pagesday and age, it’s easy to hear black culture represented in most hip-hop; that is the dominating music genre that expresses African American views. It’s not so easy to remember where African Americans influence on music al began. Black influence on music today is really unrecognized but it’s important to bring to light just how much African Americans really have contributed to the sound, style, and feel of today’s music. No t just hip-hop or rap, but all kinds of music. There was one particular soundRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Period Of Ethnic Rebirth1664 Words   |  7 Pagesviewed black culture and their art. During the Great Migration, hundreds of African Americans packed their bags and moved north in search of a better life. There, they were given the chance to express themselves through their music and literature. New artists, musicians, and writers emerged from the city. Musicians like Duke Ellington and Billie Holiday performed in clubs, showcasing their talent to white audiences. Artists and photographers like James VanDerZee captured the real lives of black peopleRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Music1590 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Music is a very telling form of expression. Whether it is the lyrics themselves, the tone in which they’re said or the rhythm of the music, there are many methods in which music expresses the artist’s opinion to his audience. The introduction of new methods of expression in music by tinkering with old methods are how new musical ideas are discovered. In the past, Miles Davis’ explorations into jazz fusion and modal jazz music pushed the envelope. Now, Kanye West’s explorationsRead MoreThe American Dream727 Words   |  3 Pagesdream a reality. The Jazz age and the music introduced to the world, the march on Washington where Martin Luther King gave his â€Å"I have a dream speech† and the fair housing act that was introduced in 1968 are only but a few, but critical examples among a number of doctrines and events that paved the way for these dreamers. There are many art forms that exist in the world but none that has left a lasting impact on the world like Jazz. Originating in the south, Jazz music was an art form that truly unitedRead MoreJazz Music Of The Time1559 Words   |  7 PagesMusic such as jazz was commonly used mediums where African American musicians sought fame and fortune. Many influential artists took to the stage in clubs such as the Cotton club. Notorious gangster Owney Madden took over as the owner, where he used the club’s popularity as a platform to sell his alcohol in the face of prohibition. It came to be known as a hub for alcohol, drugs, marijuana, and interracial sex. Despite being a white-only establishment, this Harlem nightclub lent itself to some ofRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Jazz : Comparison1270 Words   |  6 PagesArmstrong and Jazz Between the years 1910 and 1920 the first great migration of African Americans from the Jim Crow South to the more urban and modernized sent shockwaves throughout African American community and culture. Isabel Wilkerson states in her book the warmth of other suns â€Å"Six million black Southerners moving out of the terror of Jim Crow to an uncertain existence in the North and Midwest. (Wilkerson 56). After the Emancipation Proclamation and the abolishment of slavery, black Americans wereRead MoreJazz Influence On Jazz1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Jazz in Toni Morrison’s Novel Jazz â€Å"It is only in his music [ ... ] that the Negro in America has been able to tell his story.† James Baldwin. â€Å"Jazz has been a part of a proud African American tradition for over 100 years. A robust, rhythmic under-structure, blue notes, solos, â€Å"call-and response† patterns, and improvisation of melody all characterize jazz music.† In Jà ¼rgen Grandt’s analysis, he states that in order to use jazz to look at African American literature, the critical

The Social Construction Of Experience - 1437 Words

In particular, qualitative researchers tend to focus more on the social-constructed reality and the contextual influence, interaction and constraints between the researcher(s) and the participants. They are interested in finding answers to questions that focus on the â€Å"social construction of experience and how meaning is created† (Cooper White, 2012, p. 15). However, quantitative researchers â€Å"emphasize measurement and analysis, and focus on product rather than process† (Cooper White, 2012, p. 15). Quantitative researchers perceive reality as observable and external so that they are interested in conducting research which is based on measurement or calculation. Therefore, it is the ontological and epistemological beliefs that usually drive the methodological preferences, but what helps the researchers make their final decisions about research methods is the guiding research question(s). Sechrest and Sidani (1995) point out the commonality that both methodologi es â€Å"describe their data, construct explanatory arguments form their data, and speculate about why the outcomes they observed happened as they did (p. 78)†. Both research methodologies need to address issues of either validity or credibility, make the data unbiased and the research design as rigorous as possible. Even though the paradigm war in history has isolated quantitative and qualitative methodology for several decades, the approaches of quantitative and qualitative methodologies in education are not exclusiveShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination, Social Construction Of Reality And Socialization902 Words   |  4 Pagessociological imagination, social construction of reality and socialization help us learn more about ourselves and the world. Sociological imagination is the way in which individuals realize the connection between their own experience of reality and the experiences of society as a whole. This realization allows people to make sense of the world around them. When one applies sociological imagination, they are stripping their own personal experiences from their thoughts to analyze the social world around themRead MoreSocial Construction of Race1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use of Humor to Poke Fun at the Social Construction of Class: Illustrated in the Film The Jerk through Navin Johnson Money does not last forever. All the money in the world can become the reason why people change their personality and behavior. In the film The Jerk by Carl Reiner, a complete moron struggles to make it through life on his own, until a bizarre invention makes him unbelievably a wealthy man. Navin grew up in Mississippi as an adopted son of a black family, but on his birthdayRead MoreMy Photographic Methodology And Research Practice On The Gulf Region1598 Words   |  7 Pages In urban studies there is growing acknowledgement that ‘experience’ is configured and shaped by ‘temporality.’ My photographic methodology and research practice in the Gulf region has focused on how informal territorial appropriation allows individuals to claim a space as their own. As a result ‘temporality’ becomes an important structural component in forming and exploring ocular identity in Gulf cities. Amidst radical interventions at the macro-level new urban landscapes create views of the cityRead MoreImproving Higher Education For Construction Management1128 Words   |  5 PagesPurpose Being brought up in a family having a history of construction; it was manifested for me to be drawn towards the field of civil engineering that possesses an enormous growth potential. As a toddler I often accompanied my father on his visits to construction sites. Eventually, as I grew up I would stand for hours admiring the intricacies of the building design. In due course of time, this led me to a path focused at making a career in construction. With a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering, IRead MoreIn â€Å"Two Boys Kissing, † David Levithan Shares The Stories1228 Words   |  5 Pages In â€Å"Two Boys Kissing, † David Levithan shares the stories of seven teenagers who are all gay, and the experiences they have while coming to terms with it. Even though three of the main characters have different stories and are at different stages their everyday experiences are influenced by gender as a process, the social construction of gender, and oppression. These thre e concepts shape and influence the stories shared in this book, but the main theme stands true and that is to be proud of whoRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Leisure1399 Words   |  6 PagesSocial construction of leisure is a very important concept to understand before you can understand how life goes on. Leisure can be defined as, the experience of living a moment of positive self-expression (Pavelka, 2000). In order to be in full leisure mode, individuals have to be able to be in the moment with the task that they accomplish, as well as experience something positive for that task. Lastly, the individuals should always touch upon their self-image and how they are able to accomplishRead MoreSocial Construction Of Childhood Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesthis lesson, I would like to know the meaning of social construction of childhood. I am very familiar with the history of psychology and children’s literature. My grandmother used to live with us when I was a young, and s he told me many stories of the past. For this reason, I am able to link the materials I study to the real world. The social construction of childhood is somehow new to me. Especially the way Postman (1999) expresses social construction of childhood. For example, he stated, â€Å"In the twentiethRead MoreImpact of Party Drugs on the Youth Culture Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesthe perception of policy makers will influence the community’s response to the problem. The exploration of identity involves having a range of experiences that provides the adolescent with the means to assess the possibilities for the purpose of formulating a distinctive self-image. To do this requires that the teenager have a range of experiences that seem distinct from those experienced through their parents. This journey of exploration results in an introverted focus on self and a sense ofRead MoreSocial Construction Theory : The Product Of Society And History851 Words   |  4 PagesFall Term Essay 1 Social construction theory explains human behaviour and identities as the product of society and history (Vance 29). This theory is the opposite of biological determinism and essentialism which suggest that genetic, physiological, and biological traits determine human behaviour (Vance 29). As mentioned in lecture (Klement), identities are unique to every person; they are the values, norms, values, and images in society that are combined, constructed, or created. Societal pressuresRead MoreA Qualitative Case Study : An Interpretive Research Paradigm1583 Words   |  7 Pagesthe process of human and social interaction (Mackenzie Knipe, 2006). In my case, participants’ subjectivities are an inevitable part of my endeavour to understand the issues of the construction of teachers’ professional identity, which my research focuses on. With regard to the aims of this study, as mentioned earlier, I believe that understanding can be drawn from a deep and careful analysis of participants’ biographies, their schooling and teacher training experiences, and their everyday teaching

Teachers Perception Of Gender Bias In The Classroom Education Essay Free Essays

One of the first things that we do when a kid is born is to happen out its sexual class. This announcement at birth, male child or miss, is the most important statement that governs one ‘s development as a individual throughout one ‘s life. Harmonizing to Weiss ( 2001 ) , a individual ‘s gender marks his/her full life from within and without. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers Perception Of Gender Bias In The Classroom Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now How our gender structures the manner we learn has been studied extensively by societal scientists, psychologists, educationalists, and women’s rightists. They all agree that non merely 1 ‘s ain sense of gender individuality affects the acquisition procedure really significantly, but others besides play a definite portion in this position. Teachers play a cardinal function in act uponing larning patterned advance from when the kids begin school. Harmonizing to David and Myra Sadker â€Å" sitting in the same schoolroom, reading the same text edition, and listening to the same instructor, male childs and misss receive really different instructions † ( Weiss, 2001, p. 44 ) . Their research illustrates that male pupils non merely have more of the instructors ‘ attending in mention with the figure ( and quality ) of the inquiries asked in the schoolrooms, but the same is besides true in instance of the follow-up inquiries. Harmonizing to them, male pupils besides receive more precise and helpful feedback ; while female pupils bear the consequence of their instructors ‘ asymmetrical distribution of energy, endowment, and attending ( Weiss, 2001 ) . Frequently, elusive gender prejudice is at that place in the schoolrooms but is barely noticed by the instructors. It remains elusive and is difficult to trap down. Teachers, being wedged between several determinations every twenty-four hours refering the course of study and schoolroom direction, happen small room to contemplate and analyze their interactions with male and female pupils in their schoolrooms. While a the survey done by Marshall A ; Reinhartz ( 1997 ) showed that the instructors ‘ communicating with their pupils has a cardinal influence on the current and prospective accomplishment and achievement of both male and female pupils, another survey by Crawford and Macleod ( 1990 ) ( as cited in Lundeburg, 1997 ) , discovered that colored schoolroom interaction leads to decrease assurance in their rational abilities by female pupils. A big figure of surveies exhibit that instructor behaviours institute the foremost contributing factor for a higher grade of student-par ticipation in the schoolroom by male pupils than the female pupils. ( Kosmerl, 2000 ) . Male pupils are likely to acquire a greater portion of instructors ‘ attending and have more specific feedback. However, female pupils are less likely to have congratulations or redress for the rational content of their replies than male pupils ; conversely, the female pupils are more likely to have an acknowledgement response from their instructors ( Sadker and Sadker, 1994 ) . It is non common to happen instructors waiting for more than 5 seconds for a response from their pupils ; it is even more uncommon to see instructors naming on non-volunteering pupils to arouse their responses. Teachers ‘ behaviours such as these tend to breed schoolroom unfairnesss by promoting aggressive male pupils ( Lundeburg, 1997 ) . Another survey by Sadker and Sadker ( 1986 ) ( as cited in McGee Bailey, 1996 ) provides grounds that instructors ‘ discriminatory behaviors in the schoolroom are non chronic but modifiable. However, instructors are mostly non witting of their ain unjust behaviors in the schoolrooms, and are frequently found to be gender-blind, unless their attending is drawn to the affair. This can hold many detrimental effects, because it is about impossible to work out a job that is difficult to acknowledge in the first case. Nonetheless, preparation in gender equity is barely of all time an ingredient of instructor instruction ( Lundeberg, 1997 ) , particularly so in Pakistan. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM While a important sum of research exists in context of pupils ‘ perceptual experiences of gender prejudice in the schoolroom, there is small research on manus sing instructors ‘ perceptual experiences of the same capable affair. This survey is intended to concentrate on the modern-day perceptual experiences of instructors sing gender prejudice. Since pupils continue to have different instructions, it is of import to place how instructors may continue to detect, respond, lessening, and avoid gender prejudice. PUROSE OF STUDY The intent of this survey is to exemplify the perceptual experiences of instructors on the topic of gender prejudice as measured by a questionnaire. The aims of the survey are: I ) To measure instructors ‘ perceptual experiences about gender prejudice. two ) To measure instructors ‘ educational preparation sing gender prejudice. three ) To measure instructors ‘ experiences with gender prejudice. Research HPYOTHESES Hypothesis I: Even if instructors do non province that they have been involved in gender prejudice in their ain schoolrooms, they will describe they have witnessed or heard of gender prejudice issues in their schools and/or others. Hypothesis II: Teachers will describe they wish that they had received some or more educational preparation sing gender prejudice. Hypothesis Three: Teachers will describe they have received small or no educational preparation sing gender prejudice. adapted from ; Teachers ‘ perceptual experiences of gender prejudice in schoolroom, Katherine M. Kosmerl, Research Paper, The Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Stout, May, 2000. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uwstout.edu/static/lib/thesis/2003/2003kosmerlk.pdf REFRENCES Kosmerl, K. M. ( 2000 ) . Teachers ‘ perceptual experiences of gender prejudice in schoolroom, Research Paper, The Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Stout, May, 2000. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uwstout.edu/static/lib/thesis/2003/2003kosmerlk.pdf Lundeberg, M. ( January-February, 1997 ) . You Guys Are Overreacting: Teaching Prospective Teachers About Subtle Gender Bias, Journal of Teacher Education, 48 ( 1 ) , 55-61. Marshall, C. , Reinhartz, J. ( July/August, 1997 ) . Gender Issues in the Classroom. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/pss/30185879 McGee Bailey, S. ( May, 1996 ) . Shortchanging Girls and Boys. Educational Leadership, 53 ( 8 ) , 75-79. Cited in: Teachers ‘ perceptual experiences of gender prejudice in schoolroom, Katherine M. Kosmerl, Research Paper, The Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Stout, May, 2000. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uwstout.edu/static/lib/thesis/2003/2003kosmerlk.pdf Sadker, D. , Sadker, M. ( 1994 ) . Failing at Fairness: How Our Schools Cheat Girls. New York: Simon A ; Schuester. Weiss, R. ( 2001 ) . Gender-Biased Learning. Training A ; Development, 55 ( 1 ) , 42-48. Cited in: Teachers ‘ perceptual experiences of gender prejudice in schoolroom, Katherine M. Kosmerl, Research Paper, The Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Stout, May, 2000. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uwstout.edu/static/lib/thesis/2003/2003kosmerlk.pdf How to cite Teachers Perception Of Gender Bias In The Classroom Education Essay, Essay examples

Behavior of Internal Stakeholders in Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Behavior of Internal Stakeholders in Project. Answer: Introduction The study of business ethics ensures the policies and practices related to the potentially controversial issues. The purpose of considering the ethics is to guide the business for gaining public acceptance by avoiding the issues like fiduciary responsibilities, corporate social responsibilities, discrimination, bribery, insider trading, and corporate governance. In other words, the ethical consideration plays role in ensuring the required trust between consumers and various other forms of market participants with business. The concept of ethics raised during the second half of 20th century with companies becoming more aware of a rising customer based society. It generally goes well beyond being just a code of right and wrong, and attempts to reconcile the legal responsibilities of the business organization versus holding an advantageous position in competitive market. Weiss (2014) in his book identified several cases of ethical issues faced by the present international business organ ization and concluded the raise of ethical issues in 21st century. The report focuses on the ethical issue faced by the German automotive company Volkswagen in 2015. Volkswagen has again made the headlines for recalling nearly 500,000 diesel cars from United States in 2015. It is due to the companys inappropriate ethical consideration in corporate decision-making. This corporate scandal of Volkswagen is a multiple level ethical violations and can be viewed from different angles. The relation of the case can be drawn to the environmental disaster, international business ethics, unfair business practices, as well as illegal corporate activity. This is shocking news reported against the once admired German automaker for corporate misbehavior. The company not only disregarded the federal limits of emission control, but also decided to hide them. Every single diesel car sent to the United States was fitted with software to falsify the pollution level during the test but disabled them while they were actually on the road. The report is comprised three parts. The first part of the report provides an in-depth description of the case under study to form a clear idea about the ethical issue conducted by the company. A thorough case study has been conducted that identifies various stakeholders involved in the case. The second part of the report then thoroughly analyses the case using relevant academic reading. Detailed analysis of the ethical issues present in the case is done. It addresses the questions regarding the involvement of the stakeholders related to the issue. Further study reveals the impact of the case on multiple dimensions. The nature of the ethical issue in this case is also identified in this section. The final part of the report offers the readers with some recommendations based on the analysis made in the previous section. This part offer the learning outcome of the case analysed and recommends the necessary steps that could have been taken by the organization to avoid the situation. Case Description The vehicles equipped with diesel engines are known to be better beneficial over the gasoline vehicles regarding durability, cost efficiency, and fuel efficiency. However, these vehicles require some extra effort to follow the guideline and standards set by the Environmental protection Agency in order to gain control over harmful and mortal effects of nitrogen oxide. This made it harder for the automotive companies to meet the emission standard while keeping the fuel efficiency intact. While everyone struggling with keeping the fuel efficiency high in their diesel cars, Volkswagen introduced their new line of diesel cars with low emission and high fuel efficiency. It was a great deal of success for the company that earned them a huge amount of profit selling their diesel cars in the US market as well as around the globe. However, the problem arouse when a non-profit group named as the International Council on Clean Transportation proposed for a on-road emission test for all the cars in the States on 2013. Their proposal was purely based on the health concern of the public. This was the first time when something like this was conducted and this test was different from the ones in the laboratory. The California Air Resource Board called for an investigation on the Volkswagen diesel models on road in the year 2014 and the responsibility was give to the West Virginia University (Gates et al. 2017). The result of the test exposed the VW diesel cars for an emission level that is 40 times higher than the US regulation standards (Mansouri 2016). Further research explains that the company had a software fitted in their diesel vehicles to control the emission in the laboratory test and produce fake result. Whereas as the safety automatically disabled itself during on road drive. The EPA announced that the devi ce fitted in the VW cars could sense the testing scenarios by monitoring several factors like engine operation, speed, air pressure and even the position of the steering wheel. The primary report identified the involvement of nine of the Volkswagen manager in the emission scandal who have been suspended. The chairman of the VW stated in his clarification note that it happened due to the unethical mindset of he suspended group which led to this undesired incident. Result of the further research on October 2015 and the statement from the CEO reported the involvement of a small group of engineers in embedding the device in the car of which the CEO was left uninformed (Goodman 2017). The external investigator of the issue presented a confession statement of fifty staffs mostly in Wolfsburg regarding their awareness of the emission scandal activities. Later report expressed that a number of engineers and technicians were aware of the emission rigging activities in the factory and they actively informed the supervisors. However, the supervisors deliberately ignored the alert. The deeper study on the case identified an individual with the ability to code the defea t device program. However, it required more than just an individual to actualize the thought of cheating the emission. The final report caused the suspension of nine managers from supervisory board, quality control and assurance, engine designers, plant managers, managers of sub companies and plant manager (Boston, Sloat and Varnholt 2017). Reasons for Rigging Emission Test The ongoing research of the Volkswagen emission scandal case identified several reasons forced the employees to consider this unethical conduct. Firstly, the chairman of Volkswagen Mr. Hans-Dieter Potsch revealed the first rig diesel emission was conducted on 2005 by some engineers at the time of imposition of toughest emission standards to automobile industry (Geuss 2017). The imposition forced them to consider the decision due to the short time and insufficient budget allocated for the task. However, they did manage to find a solution to this the issues, yet they deliberately preferred to continue rigging than implementing the method (Boston, Sloat and Varnholt 2017). The second significant reason that encouraged this unethical conduct is the unique corporate culture present in the company. The culture of obligation led to the creation of an atmosphere of a critically centralized structure. This pressurized the employees to deliver the demands and expectations of the company even if they had to break the ethical rules. The process of achievement no longer mattered as the result was of prime interest (Goodman 2017). The emission scandal of Volkswagen had several consequences that can be summed-up into three major fields that are political, economic and socio-environmental consequences. Political Consequences The department of US Justice, the EPA and the Federal Trade Commission imposed various criminal charges on Volkswagen automobile. The company was accused of cheating with on the emission test and was ordered to recall every single effected model in the United States in 2015. The EPA revised the emission test procedure and included on road emission test in the guideline. Furthermore, the investigation was extended to the other brands as well. The repercussion of this fell on to the other countries as well and they initiated similar test on the Volkswagen diesel models and came up with similar results to the one of United States (Jung and Park 2017). Economical Consequence Charles Breyer, the district court judge of United States approved a final $14.7 billion settlement on October 2016. A buyback program will follow this from the company offering the customers a total of $10 billion. The budget for each car was set from $12500 to $44000 depending on the model for the owners who bought their car before September 2015. The customers will only get the amount if they sell their cars to the company. The lessees on the other hand will receive a cash value in-between $2600 to $4900. The company is bound to pay the cash to the customers as a consideration of their criminal offence (Atiyeh 2017). Socio-environmental Consequences A multiple level of social and environmental consequence occurred due to the violation of the ethical norms. The use of this hazardous pollutant diesel engine caused a significant environmental degradation over the past few years. Moreover, the health damages caused due to this could cost more than $100 million according to the report presented by Selin (2017). Wolfsburg on the other hand faced immediate consequence with an economic fallout including a temporary hiring cessation and decreased corporate tax revenue (Eddy 2017). Critical analysis of the sustainability issues There are various opinions and statements being given by different authors in relation to the ethical issues being faced by the contemporary business organizations. However, majority of the opinions are being given by them are contradictory to one another. The following sections will discuss about the various articles being stated by the authors regarding the ethical issues being faced by the business organizations. In this case, the opinions being given by the authors will be critically analyzed with the ethical issues being faced by Volkswagen in the recent years. According to DesJardins and McCall (2014), ethical issues in the business organizations are of various types involving different stakeholders. According to them, indulging in the unethical issues by the contemporary business organizations has mostly the negative implications on the entire stakeholders of the organizations. They have also stated that for various business organizations, indulging in unethical activities may have short term gain but it will obviously have negative impact on the business in the long term. In the case of the Volkswagen also, installation of the cheating software in their cars to market in the United States provided them undue advantages over their competitors. This is due to the fact that, with the help of the cheating software, the existing diesel vehicles of Volkswagen got passed through the stringent emission regulations in the United States. The profit margin also roused to the large extent for them. However, with the leakage of the information, the s hare of Volkswagen got crashed in the global stock market along with loss in the organizational goodwill and reputation among the customers (Krall and Peng 2015). However some other author has stated the implications of the ethical issue for the business organizations from the point of view of the organizational stakeholders. According to the statement given by Weiss (2014), all the stakeholders will be adversely affected from the indulgence in unethical activities. Thus, according to him, it is important for the business organizations to determine the welfare of all the associated stakeholders before indulging in any unethical or unfair business activities. Moreover, stakeholders of the organizations refers to both internal and external stakeholders of the organizations and thus, it is being recommended by the author that indulgence in the unethical business activities will have negative impact for the whole organization. By comparing this opinion with that of the case of Volkswagen, it can be concluded that, in indulging in the unethical activities by them, the upper level management also do not considered the interest of their stakeholders such as customers, employees and the shareholders (Kong 2016). Sustainable development According to Crane and Matten (2016), in the age of globalization, it is important for the business organizations to initiate sustainable development for their positive future. This is due to the fact that, according to the authors, initiation of sustainable development will help the organizations to have steady growth for the future rather than looking for short term growth. In addition, the authors also stated that, effective determination of the stakeholders of the organization will help the organization in having sustainable growth. However, on the other hand, in the above discussed case, Volkswagen had not effectively determined the interest of all their stakeholders prior to the initiation of their unethical policies (Verbeke and Tung 2013). This resulted to the loss in the valuation of the shareholders along with the loss in the organizational reputation and goodwill. In addition, involvement of the unethical activities also attracted lawsuits from various regulatory bodies. There are several other authors who have given more concentration on the effective management of the stakeholders rather on the following of the ethical principles of the business. According to these authors, effective management of shareholders is also one of the key elements of ethical business practices. As told by Beringer, Jonas and Kock (2013), effective management of the internal stakeholders helps the business organizations in effectively determining the requirement of the internal stakeholders, which eventually helps in the enhancement of the productivity of the organizations. This is due to the fact, if the senior management of the organization indulges in the unethical and unfair business activities, then it will also have negative impact on the performance of the employees. This is due to the reason that, employees will feel de-motivated in having to follow the unethical business principles. Thus, according to the authors, organizations in order to enhance their ethical p rinciples in their operational activities have to first effective management their internal employees, to refrain them from indulging in any type of unethical business activities. In the case of Volkswagen, the sudden decision being taken by the senior management in marketing their diesel cars in the market of United States created a lot of pressure on the engineers of Volkswagen. This is due to the reason that, the engineers have been given a much lesser time to develop an engine, which will adhere with the stringent regulations of the United States. Thus, this is one of the key examples of ineffective management of internal stakeholders (Eskerod and Huemann 2013). Due to this reason, the engineers in Volkswagen were being forced to opt for some unethical business activities in order to bypass the pressure. This made them installing the cheating software in their cars. Thus, the opinion being given by Beringer, Jonas and Kock (2013) are adhering with the situation be4ing faced by Volkswagen. Thus, it is important for the business organizations to effectively manage their employees in order to create an effective working environment along with motivating them in following the ethical principles. Impact on the stakeholders In the case of Volkswagens ethical scandal, it can be said that majority of their stakeholders are being adversely affected due to the occurrence of the unethical activities. Moreover, the scandal being involved with Volkswagen is having far reached than compared to the other contemporary business scandals. This is due to the reason that, the ethical issue with Volkswagen had been covered various stakeholders such as customers, employees, senior management and extended population in United States. Due to the initiation of the ethical business practice by them, various members from the senior management are being sacked due to being associated with the scandal. Moreover, employees attrition rate is being increased along with loss in the investment of the shareholders. On the other hand, the population of United States has also suffered from the scandal due to the reason that they have to inhale the polluted air, which caused due to the higher rate of emission from the diesel vehicles of Volkswagen. Recommendations Thus from the above discussion, it can be said that there are various areas of improvement are being identified for Volkswagen as well as for other business organizations to prevent them from indulging in unethical activities in future. The followings sections will discuss about the various recommended steps to be taken by the business organizations in order to prevent these issues. Stakeholder management should be effectively initiated by the business organizations to prevent the further emergence of these issues. This is due to the reason that, in the case of Volkswagen it is been seen that, ineffective management of the employees by the senior management along with pressurizing them is one of the key reasons to motivate them in indulging them in unethical activities. Thus, to refrain the employees from being involved in any unethical activities, it is required for the business organizations to initiate an effective stakeholder management. It will help the organizations in effectively managing the employees along with determining their requirement to initiate an effective working environment. Leadership and senior management have also a key role to be played to prevent the emergence of unethical business principles in the organization. As it is been seen in the case of Volkswagen, the ineffective styles of leadership of the senior management along with the autocratic leadership style of then CEO of Volkswagen caused the engineers to involve in unethical business practices. Thus, to prevent the repetition of these issues in future for other business organizations, it is required that leadership roles should be played effectively in order to motivate the employees and enhancing their level of satisfaction in the workplace. The unethical activities being involved by Volkswagen will not be the last instances of corporate scandal rather; these types of incidents will get emerged in the future also. This is due to the reason that, in the current business scenario, the competition among the business organizations in every sector is much intense and thus, the organizations are being forced to get indulged in some sort of unethical business practices to gain the competitive advantages in the market. However, visionary power or skill of the senior management will be important in determining the implications of the involvement of the unethical behavior. This is due to the fact that, the above discussion of the various literatures stated that majority of the stakeholders associated with the organizations will have negative impact due to the involvement of unethical activities. Thus, it is important for the senior management to have the visionary power in order to determine the future impact of the activities. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion of the ethical issues being faced by Volkswagen, it can be concluded that, due to the involvement of unethical issues by them, all the associated stakeholders had been adversely affected. In addition, the expertise, goodwill and brand value that are being garnered by Volkswagen in all these years are being diluted in one go. The report discussed about the ethical issues that are being faced by Volkswagen in the recent years regarding the rate of emission from their diesel vehicles. In addition, literature review is being done with gathering information from various literatures. Review of the literatures helped to conclude that, effective management of stakeholders is one of the key areas that are being skipped by the senior management in Volkswagen. It is been discussed in this report that, effective management of the stakeholders will help the organizations in effectively determining the requirement of the employees along with closely monitoring the a ctivities of them. This will in turn help the organizations in identifying the potential threats of involving in the unethical business activities and preventing it in the primary stage. It is also been discussed in this report that, there is a huge role of leadership in regulating and controlling the emergence of unethical activities in the organization. This is due to the reason that, it is the responsibility of the senior level management to motivate the employees in their workplace along with enhancing their job satisfaction level. This will in turn help the organizations in preventing the employees in initiating any unethical business activities in order to bypass the pressure in the organization. The above discussed review of the literatures also concluded that for the contemporary business scenario, it is important for them to have sustainable development rather than going for short term profitability. It is being discussed in this report that, preventing of unethical behavior of the stakeholders is the key element to initiate sustainable development. Through the initiation of the sustainable development, business organizations can grow and survive in the current competitive business scenario. Moreover, this report also concludes that, the incident with the Volkswagen will not be last incident in the corporate sector, rather than it may arise in future also due to the fact that, business organizations will take the help of unethical business practices to gain competitive advantages in the market. Therefore, it can be concluded that, there are various potential areas that can contribute in generation of unethical business activities for the organization. Hence, it is required for the business organizations to effectively determine these areas in order to prevent the further emergence of these issues in future. Moreover, it can also be said that the recommended steps being discussed in this report will help Volkswagen as well as other business organizations in preventing the origination of unethical business practices. 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